Income & Employment · 2025/26
Income Tax & Take-Home Pay Calculator
Estimate your net pay, income tax and social contributions across the US, UK, Germany, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain and Italy. Pick a country, enter your gross salary, and see exactly where your money goes.
How this income tax calculator works
The calculator estimates your net (take-home) pay in four steps. First it subtracts the country's tax-free amount — the personal allowance in the UK or the standard deduction in the US. Next it applies the country's progressive income tax bands to the remaining taxable income. It then deducts social contributions where they are modelled (UK National Insurance and US FICA). Finally, it reports your effective rate (total tax ÷ gross income) and your marginal rate (the tax on your next unit of earnings).
Marginal vs. effective tax rate
These two numbers are often confused. Your marginal rate is what you pay on the next pound, dollar or euro you earn — useful for deciding whether a pay rise or extra work is worth it. Your effective rate is the share of your whole income that goes to tax, and it is always lower because your first slice of income is taxed lightly or not at all. In the UK, the calculator also captures the "60% trap" between £100,000 and £125,140, where the personal allowance is withdrawn.
Other tax calculators
This page is part of a wider toolkit. Explore calculators across every major category:
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Income & Employment
Salary, bonus, self-assessment, payroll
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Property & Land
Stamp duty, transfer tax, council tax
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Capital & Investments
Capital gains, dividends, savings
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Business & Self-Employed
Corporation tax, VAT, sole trader
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Inheritance & Gifts
Estate, succession, gift tax
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Vehicle & Environmental
Road tax, CO₂, fuel duty
Frequently asked questions
How is take-home pay calculated?
Take-home pay is your gross salary minus income tax and social contributions (such as UK National Insurance or US FICA). The calculator subtracts the relevant personal allowance or standard deduction, applies the country's progressive bands, then deducts social contributions to estimate your net pay.
What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?
Your marginal rate is the tax on your next unit of income — the rate of your highest band. Your effective rate is total tax divided by gross income, which is always lower because earlier income is taxed at lower rates or untaxed.
Does it include state, regional or local taxes?
No. US figures cover federal income tax and FICA only. Spanish figures use state-level bands and exclude regional (autonomous community) variation. German municipal/church taxes and the solidarity surcharge are not applied. Always confirm local rates with your tax authority.
Which tax year do these figures use?
Rates reflect the 2025 (US and EU) and 2025/26 (UK) tax years. Thresholds change every year, so confirm current figures with the official authority before relying on them.
Is this tax advice?
No. This is a free educational estimate to help you understand how income tax works. It is not personalised tax or financial advice. For decisions about your own situation, speak to a qualified accountant or tax adviser.
Estimate only. Results are approximate and for general guidance. They exclude many real-world factors (pension contributions, tax codes, regional surcharges, credits, salary sacrifice, student loans and more). Tax rules change frequently — always verify current rates with the official tax authority (e.g. IRS, HMRC, Bundeszentralamt für Steuern, DGFiP, Revenue, Belastingdienst, Agencia Tributaria, Agenzia delle Entrate). This tool is not tax or financial advice.